498 occupations. 5 countries. One methodology.
I scored every major occupation in the Netherlands, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom and France on AI exposure. Same JPE methodology. Same scale. The data shows: AI changes tasks, not jobs. But not everywhere at the same speed.
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United States
Germany
United Kingdom
Software developers score 9/10 on AI exposure in all five countries. In the Netherlands they were for years among the fastest-growing occupations, and the most exposed occupations grew fastest until 2022. Since then that lead has gone: Dutch developer employment stood still between 2022 and 2025 before picking up again in 2026. The score is the same everywhere. The trajectory depends on whether demand outpaces automation.
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Same score, different speed
AI exposure is a property of the work, not the country. A bookkeeper processes the same data in Rotterdam, Houston, Munich, London and Paris. What differs is how fast the score translates into actual change.
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 🇺🇸 United States | 🇩🇪 Germany | 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 🇫🇷 France | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Occupations | 103 | 105 | 98 | 106 | 86 |
| Jobs covered | 7M | 98M | 33M | 18M | 20M |
| Avg JPE | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 4.8 |
| Forecast 2030 | ROA + AI + robotics (v3) | BLS projections + AI + robotics (v3) | QuBe + AI + robotics (v3) | Working Futures + AI + robotics (v3) | Métiers 2030 + AI + robotics (v3) |
| Classification | CBS BRC 2014 | SOC 2018 | KldB 2010 | SOC 2020 | FAP 2021 |
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