Methodology: This scan analyses 103 CBS occupational groups representing approximately 6.8 million jobs, approximately 69% of the Dutch working population. AI exposure scores are model estimates (LLM-generated), not empirical measurements. NL vulnerability scores account for DBA legislation, EU AI Act Art. 14, healthcare sector regulation and demand elasticity. The 2030 forecast (JPE forecast v3) starts from the ROA labour demand forecast per occupational group and adds an AI layer and a robotics layer.
Important: A high AI score does not automatically mean job loss. Software developers score 9/10 but grew +96% (2015–2025), although growth stalled between 2022 and 2025 before picking up again in 2026 (2030 forecast: -15% to +5%). Conversely, agriculture and fisheries are declining not because of AI but due to policy. Interpret as directional analysis, not a labour market forecast.
Sources: CBS Statline · CBS BRC 2014 · ROA 2021 · Inspired by Karpathy/jobs (MIT)